b. for +一段时间,表示动作或状态持续了多久
We have
worked here for ages.
我们在这里工作很久了。
There
has been no rain here for nearly two months.
这里已经近两个月没有下雨了。
c. until
now, up till now, so far, up to the moment
到目前为止
I have
not seen him so far.
到目前为止我没见过他。
Up to
the present, everything has been OK.
到目前为止一切正常。
d.
in/during the past/last five years
在刚刚过去的5年里
He has
been away from school during the last few weeks.
过去的几个星期里他没在学校。
In the
past few years they have dealt with quite a few international corporations
successfully. 在过去的几年中他们已经和好几家跨国公司做成了生意。
e. all
the while, all day一直,一整天
She has
been busy all day.
她忙了一整天。
4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
①两者都可表示过去发生过的动作,但前者表示的是过去的动作对现在的影响,而后者则只是表示过去有这一动作的事实。
He
locked the door.
他锁过门。(但现在门是开是锁不清楚。)
He has
locked the door.
他把门锁上了。(现在门是锁着的。)
Who
turned on the light?
谁开的灯?(着眼开灯的动作,不管现在灯是开是关。)
Who has
turned on the light?
谁把灯打开了?(着眼开灯的结果,即现在灯还亮着。)
②两者都可表示过去开始并延续了一段时间的动作,现在完成时表示该动作仍在继续,而一般过去时则说明该动作现已终止。
He has
lived in Beijing for four years.
他在北京住了四年了。(现在仍住那儿)
He lived
in Beijing for four years.
他曾在北京住了四年。(现在不住那儿了)
B.过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生,即发生在“过去的过去”。
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