提示:
“was/were going to +动词原形”或“was/were + 动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。
Last Sunday we were going to visit the
Great Wall, but it rained.
上星期天我们本想去游览长城的,但却下雨了。(没有去成)
I was to have helped with the
performance, but I got flu the day before.
我是打算帮忙演出的,但前天我感冒了。(没有帮上忙)
d. was/were about to do
“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。
I felt something terrible was about to
happen.
我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。
e. was/were on the point of doing
I'm glad you have come. I was on the
point of calling you, but you've saved me the trouble now. 很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话,现在你省去我这个麻烦了。
提示:
“be about to do”和“be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用,但后面可以接when引导的分句。
I was about to start when it suddenly
began to rain.
我正要动身天突然下雨了。
二、进行时
进行时表示动作正在进行,这个动作是暂时的,也是未完成的。进行时包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。
A.现在进行时
1.现在进行时的构成
现在进行时是由“am, is, are +现在分词”构成的。
I'm
reading the evening newspaper.
我正在看晚报。
Now it
isn't snowing outside.
现在外面不在下雪。
Are they
playing soccer in the playground?
他们正在操场上踢足球吗?
2.现在进行时的用法
①现在进行时的基本用法
a.表示说话的此刻正在进行的动作
通常由表示“此刻”的时间状语(now,
at this moment),或通过Look/Listen!这两个提示语来表明此时此刻动作正在进行。
She is
making a fire now.
她正在生火。
Listen!
Mary is singing an English song in the classroom.
听!玛丽正在教室里唱英文歌。
b.表示现在时间段中正在进行的动作
They are
planting trees on the hill these days.
这几天他们正在山上种树。
I don't
really work here; I am just helping out until the new secretary arrives.
我并不在这儿工作,我只是在新秘书来之前帮帮忙罢了。
c.表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作
能这样用的动词并不多,通常是arrive,
begin, come, do, drive, fly, go, leave, stay等表示位置转移的动词。这种用法比较生动,给人以一种期待感。
Jane and
Betty are going on holiday in a few days.
几天后简和贝蒂将出去度假。
Where
are you staying in Guangzhou?
你到广州后准备住在哪里?
②现在进行时的特殊用法
a.表示一种重复的动作,带有“厌恶”、“赞叹”等感情色彩
现在进行时往往与constantly,
always, forever等状语连用,给现在的动作披上一层感情色彩。
She's
constantly complaining.
她不停地抱怨。
My
brother is always leaving things about.
我弟弟总是乱丢东西。
He is
forever thinking of doing more for the students.
他总是想着为学生多做些事情。
b.表示某一具体动作或心理状态的发展过程
The
house is falling down.
房子正在倒下。
The
weather is changing for the better.
天气慢慢转好了。
注意:
有时表示一个动作刚刚开始。
I'm
forgetting my English.
我的英语开始忘了。
Food is
costing more.
食品贵了起来。
c.强调动作的重复
The
train is arriving late almost every day this summer.
这个夏季火车几乎天天晚点。
Someone
is knocking at the door.
有人不断地在敲门。
The boy
is jumping with joy.
那男孩高兴地跳个不停。
d.表示两个动作是同一动作
He who
helps others is helping himself.
帮人就是帮自己。
If you
insist on doing it, you are doing a foolish thing.
如果你坚持做这件事,你就是在干傻事。
e.be动词的进行时态
be动词一般不用于进行时态。但有时可用“am, is, are + being +形容词”结构表示暂时或故意如此。
The boy
is being naughty.这孩子有点儿淘气。
I don't
think you are being fair.
我认为你不公平。
He is
being modest.
他现在很谦虚。
比较:
You are
not polite.
你不讲礼貌。(一贯如此)
You are
not being polite.
你可有点儿不礼貌了。(暂时的现象)
3.不用进行时态的动词
①表示状态的动词
|