第四章 情态动词(二)
一、 情态动词+动词完成式
“情态动词+have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构,这种结构有两个主要的用法。
表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计
may might have done
表示“大概已经”
通常用于肯定句和否定句。
might有时可用于疑问句。
can could have done
表示“可能已经”
通常用于疑问句和否定句。
could有时可用于肯定句。
must
have done
表示“一定已经”
只用于肯定句,具有较大的可能性
should
have done表示“该”,可能性较小
表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备
might
have done
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句
could
have done
表示“本可以
通常用于肯定句。
should have
done
表示“应该
可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。
ought to
have done
表示“应该”
同should
have done。
needn't
have done
表示“本没有必要”
只用于否定句。
A.may
/might /have done
1.表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测,常译为“可能已经”。
They
might have taken a later train.也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。
He seems
to know the city quite well. He may have been there before.他似乎对那个城市很熟悉,他以前可能去过那儿。
2.表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”,含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。
You
might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本来应该给他更多的帮助,虽然你很忙。
The
proposal might have been refused.这个建议本该拒绝的。
B.cancould
have done
1.表示对过去事实的推测,常用于否定句和疑问句。
He can't
couldn't have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam.昨天他不可能看电视,因为他知道快要考试了。
I don't
know why she didn't call me yesterday. Can (Could) she have forgotten my
telephone number我不知道昨天她为什么没给我打电话,难道她会把我的电话号码忘了吗?
He
didn't come to school yesterday. Can he have been ill他昨天没来学校,难道他生病了?
2.could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾,可译成“本来是可以……的”。
Why
didn't Sophie apply for the job She could have got it.为什么索菲不申请这项工作?她本来是能得到的。
Why did
you stay at a hotel when you went to New York You could have stayed with
Barbara. 你到纽约时为什么住宾馆?你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。
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