As I
passed by, my skirt got caught on a nail. 我经过的时候，我的裙子被钉子挂住了。
C．“seemappear +过去分词”结构
有时“seemappear +过去分词”也可以构成被动语态。
She seemed annoyed by his words. 她似乎被他的话搞得很恼火。
The house appears deserted. 这房子好像没人居住。
提示：
并不是所有的“be+过去分词”结构中的be都能被get或seem,
appear等词代替。
【误】She
got born in a small village.
【正】She
was born in a small village. 她出生在一个小村庄。
【误】The
old man got offered a large sum of money.
【正】The
old man was offered a large sum of money. 这位老人获得了一大笔钱。
【误】Colin
got caught cheating in the exam.
【正】Colin
were caught cheating in the exam. 科林考试作弊被抓住了。
D．被动语态中常用的介词
1．by表示动作的执行者或施加者
By whom is the book written 这本书是谁写的？
The children were driven indoors by the
rain. 孩子们被雨赶进了室内。
2．with表示用某种工具
The wolf was killed with a gun. 狼被枪打死了。
The field was spread with wild flowers.
田野里野花遍地。
3．from表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料）
Good wine is made from grain. 好酒是粮食制成的。
4．of表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料）
The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是用木头做的。
5．其他介词
You are wanted on the phone. 有电话找你。
He is known to everybody. 大家都认识他。
She was caught in the rain. 她遭雨淋了。
注意：
动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的by短语并不总是表示动作执行者。
A policeman is known by the clothes he
wears. 警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。（by表示方式）
He was much flattered by her asking him
to dinner. 她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。（by表示原因）
The snow was piled high by the gate. 门口雪堆积得很高。（by表示地点）
二、被动语态的用法
英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：
A. 不知道或不必说出动作的执行者
How is this word pronounced 这个单词怎么发音？
Scientists say that work is done
whenever a force moves. 科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。
A greater number of magic English books
will be published next year. 明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。
After war, everything had been
destroyed. 战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。
B. 强调动作的承受者
If you break the school rules, you will
be punished. 如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。（强调you）
A new Hope School will be opened in our
village. 我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。（强调a new Hope School）
She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜欢她。
Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class.
小李被选为班长。
C. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物
The bridge was washed away by the
flood. 桥被洪水冲走了。
We were shocked by the news of his
death. 我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。
Many accidents were caused by careless
driving. 许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。
D. 修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称
He appeared on the stage and was warmly
applauded by the audience. 他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。
The old professor gave a lecture on
American history and was well received. 这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。
I was shown round the school campus by
Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。
E. 为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己
You've been told many times not to make
the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。
Everybody is expected to obey the
following rules. 希望大家遵守以下规定。
The control room may not be entered
without permission. 非经许可，勿入控制室。
F. 科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程
The film is coated with light-sensitive
chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。
G. 新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性
The west-east gas pipeline project was
kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation's west development campaign. 西气东输工程7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。
H．有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
He was born in this city. 他出生在这个城市。
The school is situated in the suburbs. 这所学校位于郊外。
注意：
被动语态中的by短语通常可以省去。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有by短语全句的意思不完整时，则要保留by短语。
The vegetables didn't taste very good.
They had been cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好，烧的时间太长了。（不需要动作的执行者）
He arrived at the airport, where he was
met by his friend. 他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。（没有by
his friend，句子的意思不完整）
Everybody was cast down by such news as
that. 大家都被那种消息搞得很沮丧。（需要by短语）
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