第五章 动词不定式（二）
一、动词不定式的几种常见结构
A．不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的逻辑主语（即不定式动作的执行者）通常是句子的主语或宾语。如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，此时一般用“for +名词（代词）+不定式”来构成不定式的复合结构，这种复合结构在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语。
This box
is too heavy for the little boy to carry.
这个箱子让这个小男孩来搬太重了。
That's
for you to decide.那个由你来决定。
He stood
aside for me to pass.他站到一边让我通过。
I have some
books for you to read.我有几本书送给你读
。
B．be
+不定式结构
“be +不定式”结构可以表示将来发生的动作，常有以下两种情况：
1．表示命令和指示
The room
is to be locked.这房间要上锁。
You are
not to stand here.你不能站在这里。
2．表示计划或安排
We are
to begin the work next month.我们安排下一个月开始这项工作。
What's
to be done next下一步该怎么办？
C．疑问词+不定式结构
疑问词who,
what, which, when, where, how, why后加动词不定式构成不定式短语，它在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。
I don't
know whether to go to the meeting or not.我不知道要不要去开会。
The
problem was how to get rid of the waste thrown by the passengers.问题是如何处理乘客们丢弃的垃圾。
When to
visit the Palace Museum has not been decided yet.何时参观故宫博物院还没有决定。
D．withwithout
+名词+不定式结构
“withwithout +名词+不定式”结构在句子中通常起状语的作用。
With so
much work to do, I shall not be able to go to the cinema with you.有这么多工作要做，我不能和你去看电影了。
With him
to stay in the house, I feel quite safe.有他住在家里，我感到十分安全。
Without
anything to eat, he died of hunger.由于没有东西吃，他饿死了。
E．It
is +形容词+ forof sb + to do结构
在“It is +形容词+
of sb +不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind,
silly, good, unwise, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, rude,
impolite, bold, thoughtful, honest, bad, sensible, naughty等。在“It is +形容词+for
sb +不定式”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important,
possible, impossible, necessary, difficult, hard, reasonable等。
It's
kind of you to think so much of us. 难为你这么为我们着想。(=
You are kind to think so much of us.)
How
careless it is of him to break such a valuable vase!他真不小心，把如此贵重的花瓶打破了。
It is
easy for me to see through his trick.我很容易看穿他的鬼把戏。(=For
me to see through his trick is easy.)
It is
hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.他很难改掉自己的坏习惯。
比较：
It is
good lf you to help me with my English. 你真好，帮助我学英语。（强调you的特征＝You
are good to help me.）
It is
good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。（强调的是give
up smoking这一行为＝Fof you to give up smoking
is good.）
F．分裂不定式
动词不定式to
do通常是不拆开的，但偶尔也可在不定式符号to和动词原形之间插入一个副词，构成分裂不定式。
He was
too ill to completely carry out that program.他病得太重，不能完成那个项目。
He has
made up his mind to once more try this method.
他已经下定决心再试试这个方法。
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