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2.过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I
found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few
moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中（详见第12章）
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是待在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little
sister interrupted her. 她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
3．过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较
She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。（强调结果）
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。（强调动作一直在进行）
第二章 被动语态（一）
语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：主动语态(active
voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态是由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。
A. 十种常见时态的被动语态
1. 一般现在时
主动语态：do
被动语态：amisare
done
We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every
day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。
Are many goods shipped abroad every
day 每天都有许多货物运往国外吗
2. 一般过去时
主动语态：did
被动语态：waswere
done
We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us
yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill
yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？
How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少钱？
3. 一般将来时
主动语态：willshall
do
被动语态：willshall
be done
We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。
The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。
The work will be done immediately. 这工作将马上做。
Will the school sports meeting be held
next week？ 校运动会将在下星期举行吗？
When shall we be given a lecture on
the Internet 什么时候给我们作有关因特网的讲座？
4. 一般过去将来时
主动语态：would
do
被动语态：would
be done
We told him that we would clean the
classroom soon. 我们告诉他我们马上就打扫教室。
We told him that the classroom would be
cleaned soon. 我们告诉他教室很快就会被打扫的。
He said that a new trade center would
be built in the centre of the city. 他说一个新的贸易中心将在市中心建起来。
She asked whether their plan would be
considered with great care. 她问他们的计划会不会得到仔细的考虑。
I wasn't told that I should be invited
to the party. 没人告诉我要被邀请出席晚会。
5. 现在进行时
主动语态：amisare
doing
被动语态：amisare
being done
We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。
The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫。
A hospital is being built in the centre of the
town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。
Are the babies being taken care of by
this nurse 这些婴儿正由这个护士照看吗？
How is the new teaching method being
tried there 那里是怎样试行这种新教学方法的？
6. 过去进行时
主动语态：waswere
doing
被动语态：waswere
being done
We were cleaning the classroom this
time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。
The classroom was being cleaned this
time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫
The teaching plan was being discussed
at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。
Was the TV set being fixed this time
yesterday 昨天这个时候电视机正在被修理吗？
The house was being painted when we
arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。
7. 现在完成时
主动语态：hashave
done
被动语态：hashave
been done
The classroom looks tidy. We have
cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。
The classroom looks tidy. It has been
cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了
Many foreign films have been shown on
TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中播放了许多外国影片。
The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音机还没开。
Has a new training centre been set up
in our town 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？
8. 过去完成时
主动语态：had
done
被动语态：had
been done
The classroom looked tidy. We had
cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。
The classroom looked tidy. It had been
cleaned. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。
His newly written novel had been
translated into English by the end of last month.上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。
She told me that she had been
dismissed by her boss. 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。
Her homework had not been finished
when I got home. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。
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