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第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Bike
Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome
to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most
economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful
canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely
landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around
for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam.
With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations,
we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest
bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears
(排挡), bikes
with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
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Hand Brake, Three Gears
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Foot Brake, No Gears
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1 hour
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€7.50
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€5.00
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3 hours
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€11.00
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€7.50
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1 day (24 hours)
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€14.75
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€9.75
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Each additional day
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€8.00
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€6.00
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Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers
the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and
much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at
1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
21. What is an advantage of MacBike?
A. It gives children a discount. B. It of
offers many types of bikes.
C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has
over 2,500 rental shops.
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with
hand brake and three gears for two days?
A. €15.75. B.
€19.50. C.
€22.75. D. €29.50.
23. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
B
C
The goal of this book is
to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of
what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this
philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the
book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of
digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making
so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a
detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by
introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.
Thisprocess requires you to step away from optional online activities for
thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small
number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide
massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of
part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In
doing so, I’lldraw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people
agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories
and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered
that you should avoid.
The second part of this
book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainabledigital minimalism
lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of
solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now
spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of
practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a
minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a
simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the
use of a digital device.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in
paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B.
Add-on. C.
Check-in. D.
Take-over.
30. What is presented in the final chapter of part
one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical
analyses.
31. What does the author suggest readers do with
the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to
friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas
behind them.
D
On March 7, 1907, the
English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what
has come tobe known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of
estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large
number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes
on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.
Some peoplewill tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of
these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a
more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,
then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the
wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for
whaterer reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy
of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by
Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The keyfinding of the study was that
when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have
a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from
an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained
from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more
accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study
with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of
what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go
with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least
willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t
the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared
arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning
resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas
have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group
discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation. B. The
underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design
of Galton’s experiment.
33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy
could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were
occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were
not fully independent
34. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual
estimates.
35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’
studies?
A. Unclear. B.
Dismissive. C.
Doubtful. D.
Approving.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal
Forgiveness
Taking responsibility
for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err
(犯错) is human. 36 You can use the followning writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a
piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good
listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects
of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second
page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive
things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend
with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you
baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
You could ask a friend
or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange thoughts on what
makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.
In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to
boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a
cliché (陈词滥调) that
most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is,
it’s true. 40 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes
are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about
yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the
exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some
forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s
happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might
seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed
aspect of your personality.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of
runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should
have 41 the course earlier than she did. Her 42 came because she was carrying a 43 across the finish line.
As reported by a local
newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 44 when a runner in front of her began crying in
pain. She 45 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.
Bailey took her am to see if she could walk forward with 46 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 47 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried
her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could
get 48 attention.
Once there, Lenoue was 49 and later taken to a hospital, where she
learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have
struggled with extreme 50 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s
help.
As for Bailey, she is
more 51 about why her act is considered a big 52 . “She was just crying. I couldn’t 53 her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I
was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young
women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 55 of human kindness won the day.
41. A. designed B.
followed C. changed D. finished
42. A. delay B.
chance C. trouble D. excuse
43. A. judge B.
volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
44. A. race B.
school C. town D. training
45. A. agreed B.
returned C.
stopped D.
promised
46. A. courage B.
aid C.
patience D. advice
47. A. went away B.
stood up C. stepped
aside D. bent down
48. A. medical B.
public C.
constant D. equal
49. A. interrupted B.
assessed C.
identified D.
appreciated
50. A. hunger B.
pain C. cold D. tiredness
51. A. worried B.
ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
52. A. game B.
problem C. lesson D. deal
53. A. leave B.
cure C.
bother D.
understand
54. A. ride B.
test C. meet D. show
55. A. secret B.
display C.
benefit D.
exchange
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup
dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing
hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far
and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and
dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 57 (bite) a
small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 58 to put the whole
dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai
may be the 59 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians
will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long
hao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling
and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 60 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the
best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 61 (lift) out of the steamer basket without
allowing them tearing or spilling any of 62 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 63 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and
delicious.
No matter where I buy
them, one steamer is 64 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am
always left 65 (want) more next time.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华，外教Ryan准备将学生随机分为两人一组，让大家课后练习口语，你认为这样分组存在问题。请你给外教写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.说明问题；
2.提出建议。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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Dear Ryan,
I’m Li Hua from Class 3.
Yours sincerely.
Li Hua
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第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was in middle
school, my social studies teacher asked me to enter a writing contest, I said
no withoutthinking. I did not love writing. My family came from Brazil, so
English was only my second language. Writing was so difficult and painful for
me that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the
Titanic by acting out a play, where I played all the parts. No one laughed
harder than he did.
So, why did he suddenly
force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? His reply: “Because I
love yourstories. If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good
shot at this.” Encouraged by his words, I agreed to give it a try.
I chose Paul Revere’s horse
as my subject. Paul Revere was a silversmith (银匠) in Boston who rode a horse atnight on April 18, 1775 to Lexington
to warn people that British soldiers were coming. My story would come straight
from the horse’s mouth. Not a brilliant idea, but funny, and unlikely to be
anyone else’s choice.
What did the horse
think, as sped through the night? Did he get tired? Have doubts? Did he want to
quit? Isympathized immediately. I got tired. I had doubts. I wanted to quit.
But, like revere’s horse, I kept going. I worked hard. I cheeked my spelling. I
asked my older sister to correct my grammar. I checked out a half-dozen books
on paul Revere from the library. I even read a few of them.
When I handed in the
essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud and said, “Great. Now, write
it again.” I wrote it again, and again and again. When I finally finished it,
the thought of winning had given way to the enjoyment of writing. If I didn’t
win. I wouldn’t care.
注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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A few weeks later,
when I almost forgot the contest, there came the mews.
I went to my teacher’
office after the award presentation.
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