Unit 2  English around the world

一、语言要点

单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）

I词语辨析  (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)

II词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）

Ⅲ 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送 

[典例]

1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。

2). I am afraid I can’t help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。

3). Were you present when the decision was announced? 宣布那项决定时你在场吗？

4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。

5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。

[重点用法]

make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人

at present/ at the present time目前

be present at出席

present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式

present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人

[练习] 中译英

1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。

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2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。

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答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present. 

2). This book was a present from my brother.

2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握

[典例]

1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire.  那名军官命令士兵们开火。

[重点用法]

command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事

be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制

be in command of     控制…

be at one’s command 听任某人支配

have / take command of…  指挥…

[特别提醒]

command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气

[练习] 用适当的介词填空

1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.

2). The army is __________ the king’s direct command.

3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.

答案: 1). in   2). under  3).  of

3. request n.& v. 请求；要求

[典例]

1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.

2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。

[重点用法]

at sb's request/at the request of sb应某人之请求

by request (of sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求:

on request 一经要求:
request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事:

[练习] 中译英。

1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。

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2). 请不要吸烟。

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答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.  

2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.

4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认

[典例]

1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。

2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。

[重点用法]

recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物

recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是

recognize…to be承认…是

[练习] 中译英

1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。

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2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。

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答案: 

1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.

2). I recognized him as my friend’s brother.

5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直

[典例]

1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。

2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。

[练习] 中译英

1).我的领带系得正不正?

2). 一直往前看。

答案:  1). Is my tie straight?

2). Look straight ahead.

6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块

[典例]

1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.

2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了

[重点用法]

a block of 一大块

block out 堵住

block off 封锁；封闭

block up 堵塞；阻碍

[练习] 中译英

1). 他们在绕楼群散步。

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2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。

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答案:

1). They are taking a walk round the block.

2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads intoScotland.

Ⅳ重点词组  （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1.       come up走近；上来；提出

[典例]

1). The little by came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.

     小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。

 2). We won’t forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of theTaiMountain.

    我们不会忘记那天我们一块在泰山顶看日出。

 3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.

    这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。

 4). The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。

 5). I am afraid something urgent has come up.    恐怕发生了什么急事。

[短语归纳]

come across邂逅                     come about发生

come at向…扑来,攻击                  come from 来自

come out 出版;开花；结果是            come up with想出

come round 绕道而来                  come down落下,塌下

[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。

1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him. 

2). The magazine __________ once a month.

3). I wish you can ___________ toEnglandon your holiday.

4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy.

5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning.

答案: 1). came at   2). comes out  3). come over    4). come up with    5). came across

2.       make use of 利用；使用      

[典例]

1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。

[短语归纳]

make good use of  好好利用                    make full use of  充分利用

make the best/most of  充分利用

[练习]

1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。

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2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。

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答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.

2). We will make good use of her talents.

3. such as例如；像这种的

[典例]

1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.

有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌

2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了

[练习] 用such as或for example填空

1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda.

2). The report is incomplete; it doesn’t include sales inFrance, ________.

答案: 1) such as     2). For example

4. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与

[典例]

1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。

2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。

[短语归纳]

take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物

the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）:

for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半

for my part就我来说

[练习] 中译英

1). 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？

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2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。

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答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?

        2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.

6.       because of 因为；由于

[典例]

1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。

[短语归纳]

because of 是复合介词。

because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。

[练习] 中译英

2). 因为错过了公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。

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答案:1). He walked slowly because of his injured leg. / He walked slowly because his leg was injured.

        2). We had to walk home because of missing the bus. / We had to walk because we missed the bus.

V重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）

1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?

[解释]do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。                                         

  What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我们几点来接你？

  What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？

你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？

Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？

2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.

[解释] than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往任何时候更”。如：

The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。

[练习] 中译英

1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。

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2). 雨下得比以前更大。

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答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before.

   2). It's raining harder than ever before.

课文要点（模块）

1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

At the end of the 16^th century, English was only spoken by people fromEngland. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people   1   (speak) English may be inChina. A lot of Chinese people speak English   2   their foreign language.

         3   English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English sound more  4   less like German for it was  5  on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German   6   England was once ruled by the French.

       Two people had great effects on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, who   7  (large) the English   8  (词汇) ; the other was Noah Webster,   9   wrote a dictionary   10   gave American English its own identity.

答案：1.speaking   2. as              3. The     4. or              5. based         6. because      7.enlarged
8.vocabulary   9. who    10. that/which    

2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）

阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。

  这篇课文讲述了英语的发展史。 英语随着时间的流逝而发生了变化，全世界的人们都说英语。

    The passages shows us _____________________________________________________________________

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答案：The passages shows us a history of the development of English. English has changed over time and it is spoken all over the world.

3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）

1.【原句】With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.和你的同学一起列出把英语作为官方语言的国家。

 [模仿要点] 句子结构

【模仿1】请用这些词，造一个句子来描述你心中的想法。

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 答案：With these words, please make up a sentence that can describe what you feel in your mind. 

 【模仿2】他用了各种色彩，画一幅画显示了他家乡的变化。

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答案：With different colors, he painted a picture that showed the change of his hometown..

2．【原句】English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as south Africa. 在新加坡，马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。

 [模仿要点] 列举三者以上事物的表达

【模仿1】下课后我喜欢去踢足球，打篮球和参加一些有趣的活动如唱歌跳舞

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答案：After class I like to play football and basketball and take part in some interesting activities such as dancing and singing.

【模仿2】在英国旅游期间，我们参考了博物馆，城堡和一些名胜如一些公园和花园。

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答案：During the tour in theUK, we visited museums, castles and some places of interest such as some parks and gardens.