阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    Women should not drink any alcohol during pregnancy. A report released by NICE says. It says if they must drink, they should not do so in the first three months and should limit to one or two ounces once or twice a week afterwards. It replaces previous guidance of saying small daily amounts were fine.

   NICE decided to tighten its guidance partly because of the concern that people are now drinking more than in the past. Previous draft guidance suggested women should drink an ounce of alcohol a day once they were past the first three months of pregnancy. The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant.

Drinking heavily in pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (胎儿酒精综合症), which can leave children with features like small heads, widely spaced eyes and behavior or learning problems,

   The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out (排除) any risk.

   National Childbirth Trust agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy.  "Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have harmed their baby. In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small."

   NICE also made a number of other recommendations for the care of women in the UK who were pregnant or planning to get pregnant. It said vitamin D and folic acid (叶酸) supplements should be offered by health staff to help avoid conditions such as rickets (软骨病) and spina bifida (脊椎裂). Officials also called for local health officials to ensure equal support plans where mothers encourage new parents to breastfeed are set up. NICE also called for improvements in the care of pregnant women with diabetes. About 20;000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry, higher risk of miscarriage (流产) and still birth. The guidance said women should get access to advice and support, in particular to achieve good blood sugar control before they get pregnant.

41. What is the advice made by the Department of Health on drinking alcohol during pregnancy?

    A. Little in the first three months and a gradual increase afterwards.

    B. An ounce a day after the first three months.

    C. No drinking for pregnant women.

    D. Those who drink regularly need not worry about the harm to their babies.

42. What's the meaning of the underlined word "categorically'' in Paragraph 3 ?

    A. Honestly.           B. Absolutely.         C. Physically.         D. Doubtfully.

43. According to the passage, miscarriage is caused most probably by __________.

    A. the lack of vitamin D and folic acid

    B. rickets and spina bifida

    C. the lack of doctors' advice and support

    D. diabetes carded by pregnant women

44. National Childbirth Trust found that __________.

    A. a pregnant woman drinking alcohol infrequently has little risk to her baby

    B. pregnant women who drink a little occasionally are always afraid of the effects

    C. there is no evidence that a pregnant woman drinking alcohol might harm her baby

    D. getting drunk once won’t harm the baby

45. In this passage, the author mainly intends to ___________.

    A. show NICE's new guidance on pregnant women's alcohol drinking and its advice for the care of pregnant women

    B. warn pregnant women against any alcohol during pregnancy

    C. show the present situation of pregnant women's drinking limit

    D. call for more care for pregnant women in society

答案：

    NICE建议孕期女士不要饮酒。文中涉及到了英国不同健康机构以及英国政府对孕妇饮酒事宜的不同规定，但是同时指出了孕妇饮酒会对胎儿有不良的影响，从而呼吁孕妇限制饮酒甚至不要饮酒。同时，NICE还对怀孕和准备怀孕的女士保健工作提出了一些其他的建议，提倡社会各方面来关注孕妇的健康。

41. C。事实细节题。题干考查the Department of Health关于孕妇喝酒的建议，文中第二段说到“The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant.”可以看出，该机构现在呼吁孕妇在怀孕期间不要喝酒，因此C项正确。

42. B。词义猜测题。根据词汇所在的句子“The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out any risk.”的句意：专家认为没有证据表明一周内喝一次或两次几盎司的就会对胎儿造成伤害，但是不能(categorically)排除任何危险。根据下段的最后一句the risk to her baby is small可知少量的饮酒对胎儿会造成比较微小的伤害，所以categorically在这里意为“完全地”，也就是说，专家认为没有证据表明一周内喝一次或两次几盎司的就会对胎儿造成伤害，但是不能完全排除危险。

43. D。事实细节题。根据文章第五段的“About 20,000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry higher risk of miscarriage and still birth.”可以看出，患有糖尿病的孕妇有着很高的流产风险，所以应该选D。

44. B。推理判断题。文中的第四段是National Childbirth Trust的发现，根据“... agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. ‘Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have harmed their baby.’”可以看出，即使喝酒不多的孕妇也会很担心喝酒会对胎儿不利，所以B正确。A项是不完整的，文中说“In general, it is believed that if a light, infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small.”可知对胎儿造成比较微小的危险的怀孕妇女有以下特征:light, infrequent drinker, in good health, on one occasion，而此选项只是断章取义，所以错误，同理，D项也由此判断为错误选项。

45. A。作者意图猜测题。作者刚开始介绍了NICE关于孕妇饮酒的新的规定，然后第五段NICE提出了一些关爱英国怀孕妇女的建议，所以应该选A。

.0pt;mso-char-indent-count: -2.0'>40. which。定语从句，先行词是that moment并且在后面的部分作主语，而且此处是非限制性定语从句，关系代词只能用which。